Bible Code Essays - Bible Code, Mathematics, The Bible Code

Bible Code The Bible Code is a report of the discovery concerning certain codes hidden in the Bible that are able to foresee events. The code was first broken by an Israeli mathematician, Dr. Eliyahu Rips, and has been confirmed by famous mathematicians around the world. The three-thousand-year-old code foretells events that happened thousands of years after the Bible was written. It foresaw both Kennedy assassinations, the Oklahoma city bombing, the election of President Bill Clinton, everything from World War II to Watergate, from the Holocaust to Hiroshima, and from the Moon landing to the collision of a comet with Jupiter. In an extremely complicated procedure, Israeli Doctors Doron Witztum, Eliyahu Rips, and Yoav Rosenburg, were the first to search and analyze the Bible for secret codes that reveal the future by using equidistant letter sequences and statistical analysis. The Israeli researchers made careful examinations and developed a collection of hypothesis, a collections of"maybes". Statistics provided the tools to test each and every one these"maybes". A hypothesis in mathematics may be declared false by the presentation of a single example, which violates the hypothesis. The very first thing the researchers did when they started their investigations was to make"observations". They grouped their "observations" and formulated a hypothesis. Then, they tested the hypothesis. For example, a very common idea in statistics is the concept of average. As a very simple proof we would declare false a value for an average height for people of 10 feet. We all know that an average height of 10 feet is definitely not possible. Definitely, we can say that the concept of average participated in the analysis and conclusions when the Israeli researchers investigated the letter and word sequences they found in the Bible Code. Other statistical concepts that are easy to grasp are dispersion or variability and correlation or association. It is obvious that the Israeli researchers had to use some techniques to determine the extent of the dispersion and the degree of correlation of the letter sequences. In this fashion, they concluded that the observation regarding "equidistant letter distances" was valid. Mathematical statistics provided the techniques for these evaluations. Of course, there were many, many observations and probably a multitude of statistical concepts were involved. There have even been a few dramatic cases where detailed predictions were found in advance, and the events happened exactly as predicted. Compellingly, the day that the Gulf War had begun was found weeks before the war actually started. Additionally, the date of the Jupiter collision was found months before the blast. Probably the most provocative prediction of them all was the assassination of former Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzchak Rabin. The author of this book, Michael Drosnin, had found the assassination of Rabin predicted in the Bible more than one year before it happened. Frantically, he attempted to warn Rabin of his findings. Sadly, the situation was inevitable, and Rabin was murdered on November 4, 1995. Later, Drosnin had discussed his findings and interviewed with many of the foremost mathematicians around the world. He talked to experts from Yale, Harvard, and Hebrew University. He even talked to a senior code-breaker at the United States National Security Agency, who confirmed that there is a code hidden in the Bible that does really reveal the future. It is very hard to deny what this book has proved so well. Even though there has been much controversy about it, many famous and respected experts have advocated and promoted this book with conviction. It would be hard for anyone to throw away what this book is trying to prove without having read its convincing points. Because of that, the content of this book convinced me of its points. I find myself fascinated with this book and urge anyone who has not read it to do so, for it will expand their mind. Still, what the book is trying to convey is a very interesting but frightening situation. No one really knows if the Bible accurately foretells what is to come. However, the code may be a warning to this world of an unprecedented danger, perhaps the real Apocalypse, a nuclear war. In any event, if there is indeed a code hidden in the Bible, it forces us to accept what so many in the world do not believe, that there is a God. And probably the most perplexing question of all, does the Bible code describe our inevitable future which we have no control over? Has our future already been cast in stone? Or does it describe a series of possible

Religion Coursework

Religion Coursework Religion Coursework Religion Coursework Writing Tips for Students If a student has to write a religion coursework, there are a lot of thing under discussion and the topic should be chosen according to the knowledge and own preferences of the student Religion as a subject is useful for the study of intercultural concepts and opinions The knowledge of the other religion principles can play a great role in the personal views. A religion course module presupposes the 40% of the final grade, so it is essential part to understand that writing religion course work should be careful and meet all the requirements. Subject of religion embraces a vast portion of the never-answered questions, so your religion coursework should base on the existing beliefs and religions studying. What Are The Main Difficulties Students Face? It is a great workload for the student to look through a plenty of books and materials. And the difficulty lies also in the fact, that religion is connected with other sciences such as ethics and philosophies, so many students become confused while getting an assignment to write a religion coursework: Using different methods during analysis will be a great plus to the grade, because historical comparison and literary critics can tell much religion and its essence within the bounce of the humanitarian sciences. Also a student can choose own topic, but sometimes it is not an easy cake to cook, especially if a student should choose the topic within the bounds of the given area. The areas can be branches of the religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity and others. Often a student can be offered to write about the religion, which is not his or her own. It is done for the students can learn about the environmental world more and can discuss and compare the level of the development and also in some cases to choose the right direction for own living. The Aims of The Writing Religion Coursework Can Be Following: Disclosing an ability of a student in discussion and telling in own words about other beliefs and traditions. The history is a rich science and there are a lot of directions where young scientists can try their efforts. Investigation of the various events and societies within one religion. This knowledge can help in the future to develop the intellectual level of student. Various symbols can be discussed in the religion coursework. Comparison of two or more branches of religions. You have an excellent opportunity to try your analysis ability and have double-learning of two religions. It would be great if you take two religions, which are unknown to you and you will be a real researcher. Discussion of religion in general. The student may look through the main causes, which influences the person and his or her beliefs. Writers of our team are devoted to the hard work on the given topic and assignment. They know how to write an exclusive essay, dissertation or religion coursework. Wide experience and high professionalism of our team can assure you that the maximum satisfaction will be if you will order the work at our site. Read also: College Application Essay American College Essay Assistance University Admission Essay Statement of purpose essay Scholarship Essay Format

Metrics That Will Measure the Success of Event Research Paper

Metrics That Will Measure the Success of Event - Research Paper Example The study will develop the metrics if not the criteria that will determine the success or failure of an event. Success, as it is, should not be measured in terms of financial gain alone or by opinions of those who attended it since their opinion may not only be tainted but also biased towards or against the event as a whole. Success should consider the attainment of the goals of the other sectors involved in the event such as the government in meeting their tourism traffic. Another measure of success is the peaceful and accident-free conduct of the event for the agency in charge of safety and security. Success can also be measured by the food industry sector when there have been no complaint or raves have been forthcoming from the participants. In terms of the hospitality industry, success can be measured by the provisioning of rooms or accommodation and other hospitality services to guests in the most efficient manner. One of the goals therefore of the proposed study is to show how events can galvanize the objectives of the food industry, the hospitality industry, the safety, and security industry, the government specifically its strategy to increase tourism traffic if the management and organizations of the event are not only well planned but also well executed. It is hoped that all sectors such as the food industry, hospitality industry and safety and security industries involved in the execution of an event will be informed of their importance and how their contribution and non-contribution in an event can make an event a disaster or a success. To ensure that the aims and goal of this paper are achieved it is the objective of this paper to determine the monetary and social cost implication of specific events to the organizers, local culture, tourism industry and the participants themselves. The potential of events as a vehicle to harness and advertise local tourism could be a potential solution for tourist destinations that will reinvigorate if not revitali ze its tourism industry. There are instances that events are even used to highlight if not present the cultural heritage of one location.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Personal Statement - Essay Example Out of this brief sessions I acquired practical skill in visualizing, communication practical work among others. In the recent past, I acted as co-producer in the Variety Show hosted by the University of London Hong Kong Society. It presented me with a practical challenge where I utilized my skills to the actual test. Despite this learning and practical experience, I still feel is should continue learning. There is always something new to the world of arts (The Warhol, n.d). Due to my study of diverse art related courses, I have interacted with a large number of people. This has made me develop strong interpersonal skills, leadership skills as we completed tasks as groups. I have been lucky throughout my life to visit Tate Modern Museum where I saw the exhibition of Roy Lichtenstein a Pop Art artist which reignited and strengthened m interest in Pop Art. I also recently attended an exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery (Gallery, n.d) where there was an exhibition of Andy Warhol was exhibited. Andy Warhol is another pop art artist whom I consider my best artist and inspiration. I had a chance to see the works of Peter Blake’s indomitable 1967 album ‘STG Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.† All this have improved my understanding of the arts not solely as a subject but as a way of life. That is the main reason I find impossible to abandon All these are Pop Art artists that I admire, but I admire Andy Warhol most. Andy was a prolific artist who engaged in a diverse artist works. This diverse artistic works include; hand drawing, paintings, photography, scriptures among others. It is hard to imagine how an aspiring artist can fail to a dmire Andy Warhol (The Warhol, n.d). Pop art is an art that developed in mid 1950s in both U.S and Britain. It makes images from traditional cultures as opposed to the elitist arts. Pop artists engage in arts dealing with everyday life objects and people rather than

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Terrorism - Essay Example Most definitely. A planned method of achieving violent intimidation in a pursuit of some form of legislative upheaval? Yes, but that black-or-white definition may include some efforts that don’t quite hit-the-mark, while excluding others that do. â€Å"Terrorism involves the use or threat of violence and seeks to create fear, not just within the direct victims but among a wide audience† (Encyclopedia Britanica). For a bit of a more elaborate understanding, an online article within Encyclop?dia Britannica summarizes this brilliantly: â€Å"[T]he systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. Terrorism has been practiced by political organizations with both rightist and leftist objectives, by nationalistic and religious groups, by revolutionaries, and even by state institutions such as armies, intelligence services, and police† (Jenkins, 2011). Though any attempt at reachin g a federal agreement can at times begin to seem interminable or else come to a stalemate, â€Å"State law enforcement represents about 10 percent of total police employment in the United States† (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 2000). However, immediately following the 11 September 2001 fiasco, an abundance of newly implemented homeland security functions for state police organizations took mandatory precedence. That made the U.S. as a whole regroup and figure out how that could have been avoided. Terrorism has indeed had a major impact on the police mission in the United States. The executive, the legislative, and judicial decision-makers state leaders that exist currently do so with more of a raised brow. All significant policy trends for these three separate branches of government are administrated by the Council of State Governments (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statist ics, 2000). Body: â€Å"In order to examine the impact of terrorism on state and local police agencies, the research team developed a survey that was administered to all state police, highway patrol agencies, and general-purpose state bureaus of investigation and a sample population of 400 local police and sheriff agencies in the spring of 2004† (Foster, Cordner, 2004). Of course, the only way to comprehend the theoretical reasoning behind what had happened -- well beyond the black-and-white or simplified practical history -- then this all-encompassing and well-grounded examination would need to be performed for sake of establishing future academic research. Only then will a peaceful and peaceable environment be established; the paradox that only with a strong defense can peace be established, then, holds merit. â€Å"In order to examine the impact of terrorism on state and local police agencies, a survey instrument was developed by a research team with state and local law e nforcement experience. Survey items were developed from scratch since the project's focus was to explore new developments. However, the research team reviewed and utilized several existing surveys related to homeland security to gather ideas about survey structure and wording† (Foster, Cordner, 2004). Pertaining to disagreements that have adamantly come about and exist due to the appropriate law enforcement behavior that opposes terrorism

Examining Disordered Offenders Within The Prison System Criminology Essay

Examining Disordered Offenders Within The Prison System Criminology Essay As of December 2010, the prison population in England and Wales stands at 84,896. Staggeringly, government figures estimate that over 70% of prisoners have two or more mental health problems of some kind, and 64% of sentenced, male prisoners have a personality disorder (Singleton, Meltzer and Gatward, 2007). This essay will attempt to find out why so many mentally ill people enter and remain in the criminal justice system, and why diversionary methods are not used as often as they should be. If these figures are correct then it seems clear that large numbers of mentally disordered patients are being held in prison as punishment for offending rather than being diverted away from the criminal justice system and into treatment. This essay will attempt to find out why that should be the case. Diversion, in terms of mentally disordered patients, means diverting the individual in question to the health services and seeking treatment, rather than prosecution and entering the criminal justice system. Short of outright insanity, (see the McNaughton rules) no matter how mentally disturbed the offender is, it comes down to whether or not it is in public interest to prosecute. The Crown Prosecution Services ask whether any useful purpose would be served in prosecution, and this can apply to anything from assault to murder (Home Office and Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), 1975). We can see in the case of Peter Sutcliffe, the Yorkshire Ripper, even when four different psychiatrists told a judge that he was a paranoid schizophrenic, he was sent to prison rather than a secure hospital, as it was in the publics interest to prosecute. Diversion has arguably been around, though not in its current form, since the dark ages. Roth and Kroll (1986: 100) describe a man possessed by evil spirits who goes on to murder three people, yet is not deemed criminal and instead help is sought from wise men, possibly early forms of doctors. It was not formally in existence until the late 19th century when the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions was created, and the power to determine whether it was in public interest to prosecute was introduced. It is generally argued that diversion is beneficial to the mentally disordered offender. Smith and Donovan (1990) argue the opposite case. They postulate that excusing the offenders is not always in their best interests, especially regarding mentally ill patients still possessing most of their faculties. They believe that if the patient is prosecuted normally, it can help instil a sense of responsibility which may deter them from any further crimes, and reinforce the belief that they are in control of their own behaviour. Diversion may do the opposite and reduce their sense of responsibility to adverse effects (Prins, 2010). Similarly, we must consider the effects of diversion from the views of medical staff. They are forced to look after and care for violent patients. This then leads to the use of guards to make sure order is kept, which could be reminiscent of the prison experience the offender has just come from. A significant early factor in the failure of the diversion system would seem to be lack of mental health awareness training for front-line police officers, the first people offenders come into contact with. If a police officer is not trained in identifying mental health problems, the diversion process can not even be started. Also, mental health in regards to the law is often not fully understood by the police, including Section 136 of the Mental Health Act (MHA) 2007, which give the Police the authority to remove a person appearing to be suffering from a mental illness and in need of immediate care or control from a place that the public have access to and take them to a safe place, being a hospital or a police station. A questionnaire regarding police constables knowledge of section 136 was undertaken in 2002 by Lynch, Simpson, Higson and Grout (2002), which found that 40% of those questioned did not realise section 136 was even a police power, and just 22% had had any training on section 136. Section 136 is immensely important in the diversionary process, as it enables trained medical persons to evaluate an offender before they enter the criminal justice system. On the other hand it is used wrongly on far too many occasions where instead being taken to hospitals, the offenders are merely placed in a police station, which could easily put the offender in an even more uncontrolled state of mind. This is not always the fault of the police but down to the lack of mental healthcare experts available in any given area (The Bradley Report, 2009). The report goes on to say that police stations should no longer be used at all as a place of safety. Prins (2010) claims that offender contact with the police is the least developed pathway in terms of engagement with the health and social services. This needs to change as prolonged time spent in police stations or court can exacerbate the conditions of the mentally disordered patients. Rowlands, Inch, Rodger and Soliman (1996) found that diversion, when used properly, can be very effective. They looked at a court diversion scheme and a forensic community psychiatric nurse specialist in particular. A year later, not a single patient in their study area with a psychotic illness was in prison, and just 17% overall had reoffended, while most where living safely back in the community. These figures can be compared to the national figures quoted in the introduction. Rowlands et al. (1996) did, however, conclude that although diversion was better than imprisonment, it was second best to hospitalising the offender, and highlighted the need for a greater number of secure beds and locations. Similarly, Joseph (1992) attributed success to the availability of detailed professional assessments and an increase in inter-service communication. This leads us onto another important point. The diversionary process cannot work without proper communication between the services involved, such as the police, judges, psychiatrists, social and probation services. The Bradley Report (2009) highlights the fact that the healthcare services in each police station are not run by the National Health Service (NHS), but by each individual force instead. This brings up many issues when moving mentally ill offenders between hospitals and police stations, such as police stations not being subject to the same governance and performance measures as the NHS hospitals. The report suggests transferring commissioning and budgetary responsibility for healthcare services in police custody suites to the NHS at the earliest opportunity and also brings to light the polices difficulty in obtaining information from the NHS. Bradley (2009) also states that the number of people who come into contact with the police is not known as there are no requirements for them to keep statistics. One of the majo r changes called upon by the Bradley Report (2009) is the introduction of liaison and diversion services in all police stations which would chiefly identify and assess mental disabilities and learning difficulties swiftly and effectively under arrest, and provide better services for people taken to police stations under Section 136 MHA 2007. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) also has very little contact with the healthcare services. This is worrying because they have to make the decision whether to prosecute a mentally ill offender solely on information received from the police with respect to any charging advice, who are obviously ill equipped to relay such medical matters (The Bradley Report, 2009). Prosecutors are also reminded that not all mentally ill offenders are ineligible for a caution as without which, the possibility of discrimination appears. It is entirely possible the offenders mental disorder played little to no role in the crime they committed, so why shouldnt they be eligible for a caution. The Bradley Report calls for more conditional cautions for mentally disordered offenders while notifying relevant health authorities. When looking at this question, it is easy to assume that all the incarcerated mentally disordered people would rather have been diverted to the healthcare services, which links to Smith and Donovans comments earlier . This is not always the case. Prins (2010) states that there are a number of benefits to the offender if he is dealt with by the normal criminal justice system model. Firstly, hospitalisation orders often result in a much longer length of imprisonment, and if the defendant is declared unfit to plea, immediate, indefinite hospitalization is issued in the majority of cases. Secondly we must consider the possibility of iatrogenic effects brought on by psychiatric intervention. Fonagy and Bateman (2006) tell us that this is down to the difference between ones own experience of ones mind and that presented by another person. Psychiatrists and other mental healthcare workers can only use the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) , the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and past experience to treat patients. The possibilities of worsening patient health comes from the fact that all mental disorders can and are different in so many respects and so exact guidelines for experts to follow are less personal and therefore have room for error. To combat this, psychiatrists must integrate the patients own experience of mind with their own (Fonagy and Bateman, 2006). The Bradley Report (2009) highlights the lack of treatment available to mentally disordered offenders in prisons, and questions whether the treatment should be carried out in prisons at all. No longer should inmates be getting their first assessment in jail, they should be assessed for mental disorders or learning difficulties at least once by the courts or the police. Reed and Lyne (2000) explore the inpatient care of mentally ill prisoners, and find it to be wholly unsatisfactory. Of the 13 prisons inspected and the 348 inpatient beds within them, not a single doctor in charge of the inpatients had completed psychiatric training, and only 24% of the nurses had had any mental health training, obviously some disturbing figures. As Prins (2010) states, it is all too easy to blame these shortcomings on a lack of finances, but there must be methods used to overcome them nonetheless. The Bradley Report (2009) also states the need to remove those from prisons with mild or medium mental di sorders and introduce many more community based primary mental health services. The Power of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 lays out the basis for passing custodial sentences on an offender who is, or appears to be mentally disordered. A medical report must be compiled and considered, as must the likely effect of the sentence imposed and any treatment available for the condition. This act is something all judges and magistrates must know, which makes it even stranger that so many mentally disordered offenders make it through to the prison systems. It would seem that much more intense and thorough psychiatric assessments should be made prior to appearing in court, as to enable the courts to recognize mental disabilities in offenders and help the diversionary scheme become more effective. The Bradley Report (2009) says that information regarding people appearing in court is essential in not only sentencing and remand options, but also whether they are even fit to plea. It goes on to say we should make available the same provisions to vulnerable defendants a s we do vulnerable witnesses, as the traumatic courtroom procedures can be very trying on a defendant with a mental disorder. The Bradley Report (2009) criticises the excessive use of remand for offenders with mental disorders. It encourages the use of more mental health service provisions outside in the community, but accepts this is not possible at the moment due to current strain on healthcare, and the fear in communities about the frequent reoffending of some mentally disordered people. More approved premises must be created to house people on remand as opposed to placing them in jail, as just 3 out of 101 of these facilities can specifically deal with mentally disordered offenders. It is worth making the point here that in the current economic climate it is questionable whether funding is likely to be made available for either enhanced community provision or further approved premises. On the other hand, there are studies that show treatment by prison care services is just as, or even more, effective than community hospitals or NHS hospitals. Brooke, Taylor, Gunn and Maden (1996) interviewed 750 unconvi cted males in 3 young offenders institutes and 13 adult male prisons. Of the 63% diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, the largest majority were deemed to be treated best by the prison care health services and transfer to a NHS bed was advised in just 9% of these cases. Although there is certainly a need for a great increase in mental healthcare services outside of the prisons for diversion to take place effectively, we cannot neglect the mental disorder work that goes on within them. No matter how thorough the screening and assessment processes are, some mentally disordered offenders will fall through the cracks, and some prisoners certainly develop mental illnesses as a result of their prison stay, such as depression. It is vitally important to increase trained staff and facilities both within and outside the prison context. A report by the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health found many shortcomings within the diversionary schemes currently in place. These range from a lack of locations leading to certain parts of the country with no help, to the offenders lack of engagement with the services. They estimate just one fifth of the potential national caseload is seen to, and this doesnt even count those who are missed by assessments at the police and court stages. Even worse, those that do get seen often drop out of the system as little is done to ensure they engage with the diversion process. Overall, this report is very similar to the Bradley Report, condemning the poor, current use of diversion with regards to mentally disordered offenders. The main remedy they put forward is the introduction of many diversion and liason teams working throughout the country, at all levels of the criminal justice system, as this would be the best way not only to detect the vulnerable offenders, but also help in treating th em. To try and combat the usual defence of a lack of funding, they propose all diversionary and liaison teams are jointly funded by both the mental health services and the criminal justice system. The Bradley Report (2009) also goes into some depth about the benefits of a fully functioning diversionary and liaison team, such as ensuring the police can make a fully informed risk assessment at the early stages, and the links that must be made from the prison mental care services to the continued care of a mentally disordered offender post release. Clearly, the overriding problem with diversion is the lack of assessment and diagnoses before an offender enters the prison system, and a lack of liaison and diversionary services available for when mental disorders are recognized. The Bradley Report (2009) puts forward the need for these services to move back from the court process and into the police stations which can improve the identification and assessment of mental health problems and learning disabilities at an earlier stage, which would also assist and contribute to the increasing communication between all agencies in the criminal justice system, and the healthcare services. This would also enable some mentally disordered offenders to completely avoid the criminal justice system as the police would instantly divert them to the appropriate mental health services, providing the best care for the offender, and reducing the workload of the police and the courts. The amount of prisoners with mental health problems is obviously di sproportionate to the society in general, but many might not display symptoms of mental illness or even develop one until incarcerated. We also must consider whether society wants mentally disordered offenders treated in the community rather than in Prisons, after all, public protective comes first and foremost. Look at the case of Christopher Clunis, a paranoid schizophrenic reviving community care from the psychiatric and social services, who went on to stab a stranger three times in the face. It seems inevitable that these occurrences would be more prevalent with many more psychologically disordered offenders walking the streets,. Of course there is the argument that these individuals would be housed in secure hospitals, but the system is not 100% foolproof, as we can see. In conclusion, while there are undoubtedly many people in the prison system with mental disorders that do not belong there, with the healthcare system in its current state it is hard to argue mentally disordered offenders would be better off receiving treatment in the community and mental healthcare institutions. The fact is they are underfunded and under developed, there would simply be no room for thousands more patients released from prisons or diverted in the first place. Similarly, there are many mentally ill offenders that would prefer to be dealt with via the criminal justice system because it can often lead to a shorter spell of incarceration, and societys reluctance to integrate mentally disordered offenders into the public. Of course, if these problems can be addressed then diversion can be used as a suitable alternative to prisons for the mentally disordered offender (The Bradley Report, 2009).

Juvenile Delinquency: Genetic or Environmental Essay -- Argumentative

Juvenile Delinquency: Genetic or Environmental â€Å"Oh, well, I’ll end up in jail anyway! It’s in my genes!† This was the heartfelt declaration of a 15 year-old teen. Was it inevitable that he follow in his father’s footsteps on the path of delinquent behavior and subsequent brushes with the law? Was juvenile delinquency actually a by-product of genetics or could it be a product of â€Å"behavioral sink†- that environmental abyss that absorbs so many teens? Definition of delinquency Although arguable on both sides, environment clearly has the lead in determining juvenile behavior. The very definition of juvenile delinquency states: â€Å"Delinquency is a major social problem. Delinquents are likely to come from a background of poverty, to belong to a racial or ethnic group that experiences discrimination, and to live in an urban area. One theory is that children from the poorest part of society lack opportunities to develop in socially acceptable ways and turn to delinquency as a substitute. Another theory is that delinquency is learned behavior, acquired by associating with people who have little respect for the law. A third explanation is that juveniles who are caught and labeled delinquent by the authorities are likely to continue to break the law because that label makes it harder for them to be law-abiding.† (Academic American Encyclopedia,1995,Vol 11, p. 478) Nowhere in this definition is the term genetics or heredity addressed. So, are teenag ers predestined to become delinquents? Definitely not! Each teen has the same opportunity to succeed. His day-to-day environment defines what he will do with this opportunity. Impact of Family on Juveniles A child is a blank slate at birth, eager to absorb and le... ... Allyn and Bacon Rosenberg, et al(2002). Juvenile Delinquency: A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 109) Boston: Allyn and Bacon Bynam & Thompson(2002). Juvenile Delinquency: A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 109) Boston: Allyn and Bacon Schauss et al.,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency: A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 110) Boston: Allyn and Bacon Lonsdale & Shamberger,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency: A Sociological Approach. Biological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 111) Boston: Allyn and Bacon Rabin & McCall,(2002). Juvenile Delinquency: A Sociological Approach. Biological Psychogenic Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency, ( 5th ed, pp. 138) Boston: Allyn and Bacon

Blindness by Jose Saramago

If an attempt is made to describe Jose Saramago’s Blindness in a single sentence, it will be justified to say that the novel is a product of the author’s extraordinary vision. Primarily an allegorical piece of fiction, Blindness is a literary masterpiece in terms of its subtle delineation of ironic humor and bleakness of existence. Numerous thematic constructs are interwoven into the plot of the novel. Post-modern literary techniques such as long sentences without punctuation marks, indefinite usage of proper nouns and so on are incorporated for illustrating the themes adequately.The haunting prose style is beautifully supplemented by the sparse imageries of man’s worst appetites and weaknesses. The socialistic approach to the novel is as significant as the internal representations. This essay is going to elaborate on the arguments that connect the thematic devices of the novel. It might be noted that there are quite a few themes to be taken within the periphery of discussion in order to substantiate the author’s argumentative claims and subclaims.As the novel nears its end, one of the characters remark during the process of getting his vision back: â€Å"I don't think we did go blind, I think we are blind, Blind but seeing, Blind people who can see, but do not see. † (Saramago 292) This statement highlights the political and philosophical essence of the novel. The story of Blindness centers round a nightmarish vision of disorientation and loss. A city the identity of which is kept undisclosed is struck by a sudden epidemic, leaving its inmates blind. Nobody is able to find any apparent reason behind such a contagion.The general tenor of panic and disorientation triggers a social breakdown. The camps set up by the civic administrative body to cater to the disaster are ill-governed. A sense of hopelessness and loss of direction runs through each individual’s psyche. In the wake of the epidemic, the initial government res ponse involves setting up of large quarantine areas to accommodate the infected people. However, the filthy and overcrowded centers turn out to be grossly unhygienic to stand any chance of the inmates recovering. Soon, living conditions deteriorate rapidly, spreading a wave of nervousness and anxiety outside.As far as the thematic significance is concerned, this anxiety plays a steering role through the length of the novel. Anxiety over inadequacy of food and medicine, anxiety over future and last but not the least, anxiety over administrative laxity collectively bring out the central theme of Blindness – of social system failure and mankind’s inane incapacity to care for strangers. As Bob Corbett points out, â€Å"How are we to imagine a world in which some central part of our meaning system suddenly disappears? † (Corbett 1997) A summoning of horror in the uncertain context of the twentieth century is what Saramago pens down in the novel.The disappearance of t his central part can be understood right from the opening chapter when a man stuck in the traffic light loses his vision. The oxymoronic element present here is quite significant. The fact that this man loses his sight while standing in the traffic light and not in any dark corridor sums up the bitter irony of situation. The following course of events, all in a swift motion, underlines humankind’s perpetual struggle to cope with unexpected changes in habitual infrastructures. As soon as the first man goes blind, a series of misfortunes befalls the city. The person who takes him to an eye doctor also goes blind.The entire plot is unfolded around the doctor and his wife, who eventually suffers the same fate as of others. The mysterious blindness doesn’t spare anybody in the unnamed city. A horrifying vision of the apocalypse, like in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, can be felt at every turn of a city that has gone berserk. The government’s disorganized attempt to restore sanity into proceedings falls short of its intended result as a gang of opportunists assume control of the chaotic surroundings. The political turmoil is juxtaposed against the psychological despair to address the theme of unexpected changes in known order.In fact Saramago is well known for coalescing myth, fiction and history in his works in order to depict abrupt changes. The setting of Blindness allows the readers to embark on a timeless voyage back to the mysterious historical times associated with myths and legends. Modern technological advancements have been satirized by the author to undermine their inadequacy in dealing with unexpected blows: â€Å"[There] must be some mechanical fault, a loose accelerator pedal, a gear lever that has struck,† but none of these technical problems are the cause of the car's prolonged halt.The driver inside starts shouting and â€Å"to judge by the movement of his mouth he appears to be repeating some words, not one word but three, as turns out to be the case when someone finally manages to open the door, I am blind. † (Saramago 1) A group of central characters in Blindness, united as a family in the wake of such an unprecedented disaster, play a crucial role. The characterization is done in a deliberate manner to serve the purpose of the plot. In other words, the storyline doesn’t discriminate between characters that are common in one aspect – they are all blind.The doctor, his wife, the girl with dark glasses, the boy with the squint, the man with the black eye patch and the dog of tears are representative of the small world of struggling survivors in the face of seemingly incurable adversity. It is worth spotting that none of these characters has been given any proper name by the novelist. Blindness doesn’t need any nomenclature – this is perhaps the argument Saramago wants to advocate. They are called according to their position in the society and relation with each other.The literary device deployed by Saramago to support his argument behind characterization involves continuous sentence structuring. Some of the sentences run half the length of a page, without any hyphenation or semi colon. Only commas and periods are used sparsely: â€Å"The amber light came on. Two of the cars ahead accelerated before the red light appeared. At the pedestrian crossing the sign of a green man lit up. The people who were waiting began to cross the road, stepping on the white stripes painted on the black surface of the asphalt, there is nothing less like a zebra, however, that is what it is called.The motorists kept an impatient foot on the clutch, leaving their cars at the ready, advancing, retreating like nervous horses that can sense the whiplash about to be inflicted. The pedestrians have just finished crossing but the sign allowing the cars to go will be delayed for some seconds, some people maintain that this delay, while apparently so insignif icant, has only to be multiplied by the thousands of traffic lights that†¦ †. (Saramago 3) Such writing style may immediately recall the stream-of-consciousness technique which is prolifically used in James Joyce’s masterpiece Ulysses.Separated by almost a century with regards to dates of publication, there isn’t much difference in the treatment of themes between these two novels. This technique is normally adopted to do away with editing of thought processes as the writer writes. In Blindness, the apparent mystery of the situation and the resultant uncertainties require a technique or writing style that can conform to the inner vacuum the characters feel while expressing their thoughts. At the same time, the narrative must also synchronize with the dialogues. Hence, quotation is non-existent in Blindness.Speeches merge onto one another in a continual maze of words. As a reader, one feels how difficult it is to broaden the viewpoint of observation. As if, a blind spot is generated in the actual reading of the novel, which puts interpretive constraints. As some critics have argued, Saramago’s profuse adaptation of allegorical means may have been inspired by his intent to emphasize more on human factors than on fatalistic elements. Although there are a few distinctive references to the contemporary technological aspects, Blindness doesn’t specify any timeframe.Readers are not given any clear perception about the time the novel portrays. Thus, Blindness reflects a universality of creation, a ubiquitous presence upon human realms of perception. However, there are a few speculations made regarding the probable cultural setting of the novel. Tracing the nature of language spoken by the characters and their food habits, it has been argued that the country shown in the novel is likely to be Saramago’s homeland Portugal. The theme of timelessness is relevant in more than just one aspect of this discussion.As is the case wit h Albert Camus’ The Plague, Blindness too is a novel which symbolically represents a widespread affliction, regardless of space or time. The predicament of humanity in the midst of social, political and ethical degeneration is not a theme that should not be kept bound under a constrained timeframe or spatial margin. Moreover, the way a group of people start fishing in troubled waters, exploiting the helpless condition of others, goes beyond the borderline of time and geographic barriers, echoing the universality of man’s futile but stubborn attempt to cope with disasters.Apart from Albert Camus’ The Plague and Jose Saramago’s Blindness, John Wyndham’s The Day of the Triffids and P. D. James’ The Children of Men also showcase characteristics of human nature as they emerge in a crisis situation marked by rapid and uncontrollable epidemics. Blindness, however, is distinguishable from other novels in one crucial aspect. It reflects the deep-seat ed humanity of those who are compelled to depend on each other for the sake of survival.This yearning for survival doesn’t seem to fit the category of existentialism or other post-modern philosophical doctrines since it is hampered by the loss of external senses of vision. So the vision must come from within. The message of hope in a situation which is least congenial to breeding of hope is conveyed through the character of doctor’s wife. She is the only person who manages to regain sight. When she and other group members flee from the asylum, the plot takes a turn toward the recreation of a world which is not robbed of all hopes.Since she has vision, she can at least guide her companions in finding food and shelter. The argument Saramago’s seeks to put forth through this episode involves that of restoration of orderliness in a world which is blind. It might be noted, however, that only physical blindness is not the construct of the proposed argument. The spirit ual blindness associated with chaos, opportunism and moral degradation is the fundamental base upon which the plot is built. As mentioned earlier, when the central system starts malfunctioning, human beings tend to cling onto each other in search of a helping hand.A sudden change in the known world makes for a total loss of faith and triggers disorientation in the society. Doctor’s wife metaphorically symbolizes the dependable constant around which other variables revolve. But what does Jose Saramago want to tell in Blindness, especially through the thematic inclusion of ‘one person who is not blind’? Since the novel is widely accepted as an allegory, the question remains: It is an allegory of what? Finding a plausible answer to the question stated above is not an easy task in that multiple layers of interpretation can be made to it.The main problem with an allegorical novel such as Blindness is that it accords too much freedom to the reader. It grants the room f or too many interpretations. On one hand, the allegorical literary device helps reveal the basic needs of a social system – the need for food, shelter and most importantly, for fraternity. Hence the thematic concept of allegory refers to the interdependency of individuals within a system which threatens to go astray. But despite this interpretation, Blindness can be approached from a different viewpoint as well.The novel can be studied as an allegory of human damnation. The novelist criticizes the so-called established norms of civilization in a staunch manner. He observes how human beings, when pitted against a failing central system of order, can indulge in brutal acts of cruelty among one another. This is manifested in the events occurring at quarantine centers where no law and order exists whatsoever. Even the military takes an indifferent stance and refuses to supply basic medication. Consequently, a simple infection assumes a deathly proportion, destroying the lives of many.Timely food deliveries are hindered due to the illegal intervention of a gang of opportunists who unleash lethal torture on the hapless inmates. Thus the allegory of the novel can be explicated from a twofold perspective – firstly, it is a literary device which serves the purpose of underlying the fundamental social requirements for a smooth functioning, and secondly, it brings out the condemnable elements of a society devoid of any order or discipline. Corbett argues that the theory of allegory can also be done away with.Blindness can be seen as a masterful piece of author’s logical reasoning of a world which lacks imaginative sensibility. This point of view insists on interpreting the major themes of the novel from a matter-of-fact perspective. There is nothing beyond what is literally apparent. The logical qualities prompt the readers to investigate into a city’s condition when everyone except a single lady goes blind all on a sudden. The only sighted pe rson acts as a vehicle of hope and good fortune in a time when survival seems impossible.According to Corbett, this methodology of explanation is also applicable to two other novels of Saramago, The Gospel According to Jesus Christ and The Stone Raft. (Corbett 1997) The larger social picture painted by Blindness is of worth consideration. The collective physical loss of vision is used by the author as a metaphor for both ‘personal misfortune and social catastrophe’. (Snedeker 1997) The succession of events initiating from a single, odd instance of just one man getting blind while waiting at a traffic signal underscores the broader social context.As the entire population goes blind, the social system starts to crumble under pressure. Public health officials working under the aegis of the government panic and mayhem descend over the city. The disintegration of faith and reliability is apparent as soldiers guarding the asylum premises threaten to kill anyone who attempts t o flee. The disease of blindness is used metaphorically as a limitation from a personal context extending to collective domain. Finding themselves in a society which no longer functions as it should do, the blind men reach the breaking limits of despair and trauma.Due to lack of food and other essential commodities for a healthy survival, the general ways of living begin deteriorating rapidly. Taking a cue out of the broader social significance of blindness, one can critically observe that the metaphor is not restrained to any uni-dimensional mode of interpretation. If approached logically, the sudden onset of the epidemic is nothing but an unfortunate incident that befalls a city, making the lives of its dwellers difficult. So this explanation follows a ‘real’ course.But the symbolic implication becomes apparent when one takes into account the cultural impact of vision impairment that the author leaves ambiguous, arguably in an advertent manner. Hence, the epidemic, no matter whichever way the readers look at it, leads more to the notion of being a realistic literary device. An unnamed city, completely disintegrated by the sudden attack of an epidemic, struggles to combat not just the disease, but also the virtues that make up of human society.A small group of people, led by a woman, find themselves in the squalid and terrifying spectacle of people scrounging for food and shelter. Such visions present a bleak and dreary setting of a post-modern novel. The abrupt ending, nearly as shocking as the beginning itself, goes to show how Saramago eluded the enticement of telling more than what is already indicated. Hence, the construct of allegory, even though it can be discarded from a ‘realistic’ approach, comes back once again. As the blind community of the city gets their vision back, everything seems to fall in pace for the city.The veil of clouds is lifted over from a diseased and desperate existence of the city as if by some mysteriou s power, much to the relief of its inmates. It is apparent that the thematic constructs of change, human coping, the inevitability of disease and the undying spirit to overcome every adversity are extremely well manifested by the literary techniques adapted by the novelist in Blindness. This is particularly true in case of the profuse usage of long, unbroken sentences without too many punctuation marks.Moreover, the speeches without quotation too act as a potent literary device to represent the internal crisis of the characters. Again, the use of descriptive appellation in naming of characters is self-explanatory of its intended purpose. It establishes the interconnection between various characters who are mutually dependent on each other for the sake of surviving in a blind world that does not distinguish between masses. So it can be concluded that characterization, setting and plot work as a cohesive unit in perfect synchronization with the thematic aspects.It is virtually impossi ble to single out any particular argumentative theme if one attempts to focus on the novel in its entirety, especially if that focus takes into consideration the key literary devices. Works cited Saramago, Jose. Blindness: a novel. London: Harvill Press, 1997. Corbett, Bob. â€Å"BLINDNESS. † 1997. 10 March 2009 Snedeker, George. â€Å"BLINDNESS. † 1997. 10 March 2009

Pete Rose Essays - Pete Rose, WWE Hall Of Fame, Free Essays

Pete Rose Essays - Pete Rose, WWE Hall Of Fame, Free Essays Pete Rose Consider a student who passes a final exam under the influence of illegal drugs. The professor might be inclined to call the police, but theres no reason why the student shouldnt get the grade he earned. Then consider another student who cheats on the same exam. No crime has been committed, but as a student thats the worst possible behavior, and deserves the harshest penalty. Gambling is the worst thing a ballplayer can do, because it undermines the integrity of the game. Pete Rose did the worst thing a ballplayer could do by not only gambling on games in the NBA the NFL and college sports, but also baseball games. Peter Edwards Rose was investigated by Major League Baseball and a hearing was scheduled for May of 1989. The scheduled hearing never took place and yet Pete Rose was suspended from baseball and placed on the ineligibility list. Pete could apply for re-instatement after one year. But less than one year later the Baseball Hall of Fame added a clause to its eligibility rules stating that players who were on Baseballs ineligibility list could not be considered as candidates. Commissioner Bud Selig said that the application would be considered at an appropriate time. In 1997 Pete Rose applied for re-instatement nearly eight years after he was first eligible to do so. He was turned down The question I raise is should Peter Edwards Rose be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame for his outstanding play on the baseball field, or be denied it because of a gambling addiction. In my opinion Pete Rose should be inducted into the Hall of Fame, and also be re-instated into Major League Baseball. Yes Rose did commit a baseball crime and reluctantly admitted to it but as compared to some of the people in the Hall of Fame and in baseball Rose is no different. Guys who take drugs or beat their wives dont get such harsh punishment and many of them are still in the Hall of Fame and baseball. In todays world gambling is considered an addiction. If this is the case then why not allowing Pete Rose to be re-instated into baseball if he agreed to have counseling on the issue. President Clinton committed acts that almost got him impeached but the country forgave him and he is still the President of the United States, and yet after ten years Pete Rose has not yet been re-instated to baseball or even allowed to participate in official events. In a poll recently conducted on Ivotefor.com 75% or 198 of the 263 people polled said that Pete Rose should be re-instated, while a mere 25% or 65 said that Pete Rose should remain out of baseball. The Hall of Fame is as much for the fans as it is for the players. Then why isnt one of the most liked sports figures allowed to continue his baseball career and be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Rose recently took another step closer to being re-instated. He has backed an Official Pete Rose Online Petition set up at www.sportcut.com. The petition will be sent on January 31, 2000 to the Baseball Hall of Fame with all signatures. I urge you to vote for Pete Rose online to better his chances. In 1999 Pete Rose was elected to the all century team. Forgive him for his mistakes and elect Pe Bibliography N/A

Essay on Plant and Animals

Essay on Plant and Animals Essay on Plant and Animals Around the world the talk of cloning animals has increased significantly. Because of the need for food or human selfishness ,many animals have become extinct. Whoever acquires a disease or virus usually gets the virus from another person or from the original host usually a animal. Because the main cause of many disease is still embedded in the corpse of the extinct animal, we need to bring back extinct animals. If we bring back animals we would enable the power to make special proteins which are better for the body. These animals could rapidly improve the production of animal by-products and livestock. Because people are cloning animals ,our comprehension of the pasts species is very massive.Whoever clones animals will become more advanced in medicine and science. Many animals that are extinct may have traces of deadly disease in there petrified bone marrow. Because we are cloning animals, the process of finding the origin of a disease will be reduced significantly. Whenever somebody clones a animal there is a big chance that the latest species will carry the same disease if the DNA they have made it from has tested positive they could test the animal and observe symptoms that take place du ring the sickness. When we test on animals it could kill them but if made a clone we could do multiple tests with clones and we wouldn't have to kill the animal population n. Dorsey, a clone for a horse, was apparently the vaccine for many diseases in the future. Bringing back animals would mend for our ancestors ways. In the past over hundreds of thousands even millions of species. Whoever has a bear pellet in there garage or a place which they own is a main cause of extinction. Because of all the DNA we have a dodo bird which went extinct hundreds of years ago if we were to clone them we could be the first generation to perform de-extinction. Running out of time to mate, tigers are beginning to die,

The sport industryal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The sport industryal - Assignment Example The sports business means different things to different people , most importantly the athletes who require the use of the sporting goods to achieve fame and personal fulfillment, secondly the business people where in sports provides a continually growing market place worthy of investing, for the developers and the local government where in revenue is built from tourists and local fans. In the U.S, the ‘Big 4’ leagues bring in about $17 billion in annual revenue, the sporting good sales at retail stores roughly contribute about $ 41 billion yearly. On an annual basis around $400- $425 billion is contributed by the U.S sports market alone. The industry is so vast and complex that it makes it difficult to put an all encompassing figure to the yearly revenue. Many of the workforces in nations like U.S, Europe, Australia and Japan rely on the sports industry for their livelihoods, with figures increasing constantly for professional athletes, coaches, scouts, umpires, referees, and other officials etc. The global meltdown in 2008-09 had a big impact on the sports industry. Manufacture of sports equipment dropped, even the sale of tickets were difficult, since tickets for professional games were very expensive. Golf courses suffered revenue declines and some of them even closed. Most affected were the sale of high end sports and recreation items. The sports industry faced significant challenges in controlling expenses while pricing products and services such that they would still retain and attract new customers. (Introduction to Sports Industry, n.d) Like in any industry politics play a very important role, this comes into play when sports completions cross borders, for example in another country, city or even locally. In countries like China it is the national policy that drives decision making at higher levels. Following of national policies closely can help predict

During the 20th century, african americans Civil Rights received Essay

During the 20th century, african americans Civil Rights received profound social and cultural change - Essay Example Revolution and other forceful approaches were the best options for the black Americans to express their plights. In 1956, Martin Luther King Jr. confronted methodological and ideological challenges through advocacy and Civil Rights Movements. The challenges focused on philosophical key tenets that formed the basis of Civil Rights Movement. The first sentiments promoted by the advocates of black power were integration and non-violence. Various SNCC’s and CORE’s black activists advocated re-evaluation of the influence created by civil rights proponents. White advisors as murders of black workers took place without being noticed (Ongiri 102). Ideologies of black activists and tenets of Black Power ideologies prompted a new sense of pride and identity. Consequently, black Americans insisted that America refer to them as Afro-Americans, not as Negroes. Further, in 1960’s, black Americans boasted of the privilege of adopting a similar dressing code to that of white Americans. The 1963 match to Washington was iconic in the history of advocacy for human rights in America. Organizers from Greenwood Mississippi, Willie Ricks, who swore to enhance Black Power ideologies to a different level in 1966. Ricks instituted, among blacks, the spirit of getting armed and ready for confrontations against white supremacists such as the Ku Klux Klan. As a result, black Americans armed themselves against the Ku Klux Klan armed terrorists and prepared for the worst including death. Finally, the activities of Klan within the community ceased. In 1966, the existence of Black Panther was a notable influence that prompted reforms. It informed Black Power ideologies and best practices about their broadest public platforms. The Black Panthers advocated through all necessary principles to eliminate and eradicate racial inequality that existed between black and white Americans. Police brutality against black neighborhoods reduced. Leather jackets, light blue shirts, and black power